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Neo-Dada

Art of the late 1950s and early 1960s, centred on New York, that brought everyday objects, junk and chance back into painting and sculpture.

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By the mid-1950s younger artists in New York had grown wary of the heroic, private gestures of Abstract Expressionism. Drawing on Marcel Duchamp's readymades and on the composer John Cage's embrace of chance and ordinary sound, they let the everyday world back into art, and critics revived the word Dada.

Robert Rauschenberg's Combines joined paint to found things: Bed (1955) is his own quilt and pillow smeared with paint and hung on the wall, and Monogram (1955–59) sets a stuffed goat inside a car tyre. Jasper Johns painted flags, targets and numbers, images that are both pictures and objects, as in Flag (1954–55), in encaustic over newspaper collage. John Chamberlain welded crushed car parts into sculpture, and Ray Johnson mailed collages to a network of correspondents. In Tokyo, Ushio Shinohara and the Neo Dadaism Organizers staged raucous actions around 1960. The approach led directly to Pop art and Happenings.

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