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CategoriesStyles and Movements

Futurism

Italian avant-garde launched in 1909 that celebrated speed, machines, the modern city and war in painting, sculpture, sound and performance.

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Futurism began as a publicity coup: in February 1909 the poet Filippo Tommaso Marinetti printed his founding manifesto on the front page of the Paris newspaper Le Figaro, calling for museums and libraries to be destroyed. Painters in Milan and Rome soon issued manifestos of their own.

Futurist pictures try to show motion and simultaneity. Borrowing Cubism's broken planes, they repeat limbs, stack viewpoints and slice forms with 'lines of force'. Giacomo Balla's Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash (1912) multiplies legs and paws into a blur, and Umberto Boccioni's bronze Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913) strides forward in flame-like folds. Luigi Russolo built noise-making instruments for concerts. Boccioni died in 1916, during the First World War. Afterwards a second generation, allied with Mussolini's Fascism, developed aeropittura, dizzying paintings of flight and aerial views, as in the work of Tullio Crali and Gerardo Dottori.

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